![]() On the other hand, a system that divides one day up into day and night and then partitions each of these into equal parts is referred to as a temporal hour system. Time systems that divide the length of one day into 100 equal parts or 12 equal parts and so on are referred to as fixed hour systems, with the current system divided into 24 equal parts. Knowing an hour system during the Edo period is necessary to better understand Japanese traditional clocks. This resulted in the development of unique Japanese traditional clocks not seen elsewhere. Rather than work to increase the precision of clocks, Japanese clock makers focused on creativity and originality to conform to the country's unique temporal hour system. As a result, clock production basically remained a copy of early European methods. In Europe, mechanical clocks appeared as timekeeping switched from a variable to fixed method, but Japan at that time used a unique temporal hour system. Japanese traditional clock production sites included first and foremost Nagasaki, as well as Matsue, Kyoto, Osaka, Sakai, Ise, Nagoya, Wakasa, Edo, Sendai, Morioka, and Hirosaki. Thus, it was possible to come in contact with cultural items from places such as China and Holland through Nagasaki only, and this also affected Japanese traditional clock production.Ĭlock makers gradually increased around the country, with many working as personal clock makers for the shogunate family and feudal lords for whom they were making gorgeous articles. ![]() However, the shogunate government soon banned Christianity and adopted a policy of seclusion, which blocked the flow of new technology from Europe. For his service, Sukezaemon Tsuda was employed by Ieyasu in 1598. Japanese blacksmiths manufactured clocks under the guidance of these schools, resulting in the first mechanical clock production in Japan.Īccording to the "Owari-shi" (a periodical from the Owari territory) compiled in 1832, Sukezaemon Tsuda from Nagoya City repaired a clock belonging to Ieyasu Tokugawa, and then used it as a model to create a new clock, which he offered to Ieyasu. In addition to print technology, organs, and astronomical instruments, these schools taught production techniques for clocks. Manufacturing of mechanical clocks in JapanĪs Christianity spread in Japan, missionaries established vocational schools affiliated with churches in Kyushu and Kyoto. It is a spring-driven table clock given to Ieyasu Tokugawa in 1612 by an adelantado in then-Spanish Mexico. The oldest remaining clock in Japan is preserved in Kunouzan Toshogu Shrine in Shizuoka prefecture as treasure. The oldest record says that in 1551 when a Spanish missionary Francis Xavier asked Yoshitaka Ouchi, a daimyo of Suo Province -current Yamaguchi prefecture- for missionary work of Christianity, he sent him gifts and a chiming (mechanical) clock was one of them. The European mechanical clocks and their production techniques were first brought to Japan with Christianity around the end of Muromachi period. ![]() A mechanical clock was first produced in Japan and it developed as a very special clock.
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